Dr. Yousef Mansour
Unemployment episode, "our money" program ... online Aramram TV
What are the causes of the phenomenon of unemployment is historically and how we got to this day in which the number of foreign workers has become more than the number of unemployed Jordanians? Is the main reason is to ignore the universities to the needs of the labor market? Or the small size of the private sector in Jordan? Or the absence of government planning? Or poor transport sector? Or all other reasons ...
Characterized by unemployment in Jordan, according to official figures from the surveys of the Department of Statistics, as high (higher than 10%), chronic (continued high Bmadladtha between 12-15.3% since 1999), and affect young people more than other age groups (unemployment rate among young people 38% or more than three times the unemployment rate), and experienced by females more than males (females 20.8% unemployment rate vulnerability of young people 10.4%) unemployment rate, and rising among graduates of bachelor holders and higher (81.8% for women and 20.3% for men) , and the unemployment rates in general rise in periods of economic booms and gets high growth rates, while down in periods of recession and economic decline.
Unemployed for Work: know the Department of Statistics unemployed for work as a person Jordanian did not work was not linked to the job but wants to work and is ready for him, with that look for work during the three months preceding the survey unemployment, but who stop looking for work Vismon "discouraged" The fall of the labor force, that is, they are not counted in the unemployment rate.
Unemployment: The unemployment It is the proportion of the total of those unemployed to the labor force and not to the proportion of the population, as some believe, is composed of unemployment of several types of seasonal such as unemployment which is unemployment arising in the services of the seasonal nature of economic activity industries, both because of climatic conditions or seasonal, as services summer tourism, and the construction sector, and so on; and structural unemployment that arise as a result of economic transformations that occur from time to time in the structure of the economy, such as the transformation of the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and bring the machine replaces the human element leading to lay off a large number of workers or the productive sector becomes unable to provide employment, periodic and unemployment that arise as a result of the stagnation of the economy during periods of recession and stagnation in the economic cycle.
Manifested unemployment challenges in the following points: the weakness of the relationship between economic growth and employment, demographic factors, trends in demand for labor, and policies operating in the public sector, inefficient operating support, and low levels of training programs, and ill put the public transport sector, which can not be the person to stay in the place of residence and work in another province which increases unemployment in the provinces, especially as the capital province enjoys being the most job opportunities, and at the provincial level has recently recorded the highest rate of unemployment in the Balqa governorate, where 18.8% reached, and the lowest rate of unemployment in the Zarqa Governorate and amounted to 9.4%.
We are used since the beginning of the new century, the unemployment rates in Jordan more than 10%, the unemployment rates are high and dangerous, especially in being a structure rooted in the system and practices of formal institutions and informal so became like something unusual though they were not as well in the past, it has been the unemployment rate in Jordan It does not exceed 2% in the seventies.
The unemployment rate was 1.6%, according to official figures in 1976, that was less than the population growth, which was more than double the unemployment rate. Any operator that you were unable to find your proficiency of workers and look for Jordanian labor and can not find many of them compete. Also was the real economic growth rate of more than 8.5%, and price rises approximately 12%, which means that the economy was boiling, with its vigor and vitality, and the university graduates find jobs immediately (one of the reasons for this is that the quality of learning and training were better than it is now).
And we have begun to export our workforce strongly to the Gulf, which began at the time an economic boom unprecedented in its history, and perhaps since the discovery of oil has, where it began oil money is increasing as a result of the October War in 1973, and the aid of the Arab government in Jordan rapprochement almost half of government income, and the few taxes and some sales tax did not exist, but we did not issue were not the employment of foreign workers had discovered the Jordanian market until that time, it was the Jordanians working in all jobs.
Soon, however, take the situation change where rising unemployment rates began after the mid-seventies and began with the replacement of local employment and exotic high Jordanian income from the Gulf and direction for government jobs relatively comfortable, for up unemployment in 1981 to 3.9%, and continue to climb very fast pace is up to 8% in in 1987, and jump to 10.3% in 1989, when he fell also the real growth rate to become negative 10.7%, and the fall of the dinar with government spending is studied and the proliferation of alternative employment, expansionist policies the government in the recruitment of non-account and, unfortunately, continued to impact on employment in 1990 jumps the unemployment rate to 16.8%, and the price rises to 16.2% and real growth was a negative 0.3%, from the painful days in the history of Jordan Economic must not forget.
Then unemployment rose to 17.4% in 1991 and fell to 15% in 1992 with the start of savings spending and compensation of our people returning from the Gulf and to achieve real economic growth rate of 14.2% was the highest growth rates achieved by the Jordanian economy over fifty years. Soon, however, unemployment rose to become 19.2% in 1993 after spending the savings of returnees and the failure of the economic structure in the move and create jobs and to take advantage of these funds and investments that went mostly to the building and led to the employment of non-Jordanians in the construction profession while the government continued to Employment inefficient policies.
After all, the new century began by unemployment rates ranged from 12.0% at best and at worst 15.3 percent and here we see unemployment rise, and the government continues to grow in terms of annual employment rate of 6.3% in the period 2003-2013, while no more than the average population growth about 2.2%, which means that employment rates close to the government three times the population growth rate, which encouraged the young people went to work, where the government provides social work and health insurance conditions and is characterized by stability and low working hours for the private sector.
And it may have helped pay rise in the public sector groups with less education to its commitment to the government to work, in addition to a difference in wages between the two sectors for females, and the difference working arrangements and concessions extra, plus social attitudes, which encouraged women to demand for work in the public sector.
Unemployment of women: For women's unemployment in Jordan it is unfortunate that Jordan is the third country in the world in terms of the shallowness of the involvement of women in the labor market where involved only one woman among the eight women (12.7% in the second round of the survey employment) in the labor market by the Department of Statistics figures general, women suffer from wage discrimination in the public and private sectors with less wages than men almost one-third in the public sector, while nearly half of men's income in the public sector in spite of the achievements of the Academy of women and superiority over men in the guideline rates, acceptance and study in universities, where indicated results the second round for the Employment and Unemployment Survey that 63.5% of the total labor force of
females has bachelor level or higher, compared with 20.3% for males.
It is clear that discrimination begins in the family and continue in all the girl stages of growth, where a study issued show for the Hashemite University about gender roles in the Jordanian family that 52% of Jordanian families opposed to playing the girl bike or arms, and see 72% should be helping the girl in domestic work, and 70% prefer the girl work in the public sector, while insisting the vast majority (93%) that the appropriate action is education for girls.
Youth unemployment: According to the unemployment rate among young people to the existence of a real problem in the transition from educational institutions to the workplace and is the period lasts rate two years for the majority of graduates, and the reason for this is due to lack of harmonization of the education system outputs to the needs of the labor market and not be linked to economic policies educational policy which needs a long-term planning. An example is the telecommunications sector and information technology of the most promising sectors where the form of 15% of GDP in 2013 and provides nearly 16,000 jobs, and while graduating each year 5,700 students in the field of telecommunications and information technology, less than a third of them only have the terms of reference required in the sector, The majority of companies also moans that new graduates lack many of the basic skills needed to work in these companies such as skills for analytical thinking, teamwork and Bakdrh to communicate.
Economic growth without running: If we look at the unemployment rates in the high economic growth periods in the twenty-first century, we find that the average unemployment in the period 2005-2008 was 13.7% while the average dropped for a period of economic recession (2009-2013) to 12.6, which means that the period economic growth and hurt employment Jordan did not increase enabled the bitter operation ratios which needs to Altdras and scrutiny by the decision-makers, and has unemployment of 12% rate in the second quarter of 2014, and the rate was for males 10.4% versus 21.1% for females in the same period, meaning that unemployment fell Although the general economic situation is still suffering from recession and decline. We desperately need economic growth rates accompanied by running for Jordanians and not expatriate labor.
In the culture of shame: the number of unemployed was 200 thousand Jordanians while the number of arrivals in Jordan reached 500 thousand workers in the private sectors in the tourism and Alancat. These professions do not entice Jordanians to enroll because of the lack of decent work elements such as social security, health insurance, limits on working hours. But, what if professionally qualified Jordanians to these sectors and are available in decent conditions of work, you will see more of them demand it? The answer comes in that more than 8,000 Jordanian apply to work in the function of a "homeland factor" while improved conditions and bonuses this Aloziv; also a study of the Center for Strategic Studies at the University of Jordan showed that the majority of Jordanians do not feel free from the types of work if working conditions improved, which Adaht claims some widespread phenomenon of culture of shame.
Mediates unemployment and other structural problems phenomenon in Jordan, Vhlha linked to many of the measures, such as establishing a national network transfer effective, and modify the labor law and control of its application, and the empowerment of women, and easing the state of the rentier system, competitive and expand the private sector to become more attractive than the public sector for employment of Jordan, and improve training levels and qualities, and the development of the business environment, and the granting of incentives to operate the Jordanians and the financing of the drivers properly and effectively ...
Addressing the phenomenon of unemployment not only through economic policies, strategies and solutions and long-term programs and effective coordination and is characterized by dynamism and cooperation among all stakeholders.